Ntuziaka ịkụ tomato maka ndị mbido:
Isiokwu na-esonụ na-enye ozi gbasara "Cultivation Tomato", "Otu esi eto tomato", Tomato ugbo usoro.
Tomato bụ ihe ọkụkụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge, ọ chọrọ ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ ma dị jụụ. Osisi enweghị ike iguzogide ntu oyi na oke iru mmiri. Ọzọkwa, ike ọkụ na-emetụta pigmentation. mkpụrụ agba, mkpụrụ osisi. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-emetụta osisi ahụ nke ukwuu. Ọ chọrọ oke ihu igwe dị iche iche maka mkpụrụ germination, uto seedling, ifuru na mkpụrụ osisi, na àgwà mkpụrụ osisi. Okpomọkụ n'okpuru 100C na n'elu 380C na-emetụta anụ ahụ osisi n'ụzọ dị njọ, si otú a na-ebelata ọrụ physiological. Ọ na-eto nke ọma na okpomọkụ 100C ka 300Okpomọkụ kachasị mma bụ 21-24 C0C. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru 160C na n'elu 270C adịghị mma. Osisi ahụ anaghị eguzogide ntu oyi, ọ na-achọ obere mmiri ozuzo na ọkara, ma na-eme nke ọma n'okpuru okpomọkụ kwa ọnwa nke 21 ruo 23.0C. Zere nrụgide mmiri na ogologo oge ọkọchị ka ọ na-akpata mgbawa nke mkpụrụ osisi. anwụ na-egbuke egbuke n'oge mkpụrụ osisi na-enyere aka ịmepụta mkpụrụ osisi na-acha uhie uhie gbara ọchịchịrị.
Gụọ: Uru Nri ahịhịa ndụ.
Ụdị tomato dị iche iche:
Ụdị emelitere:
Arka Saurabh, Arka Vikas, Arka Ahuti, Arka Ashish, Arka Abha, Arka Alok, HS101, HS102, HS110, Hisar Arun, Hisar Lalima, Hisar Lalit, Hisar Anmol, KS.2, Narendra Tomato 1, Narendra Tomato 2, Pusa Red Plum, Pusa Early Dwarf, Pusa Ruby, Co-1, CO 2, CO 3, S-12, Punjab Chhuhara, PKM 1, Pusa Ruby, Payur-1, Shakthi, SL 120, Pusa Gaurav, S 12, Pant Bahar, Pant T3, Solan Gola na Arka Meghali.
Ngwakọ F1:
Arka Abhijit, Arka Shresta, Arka Vishal, Arka Vardan, Pusa Hybrid 1, Pusa Hybrid 2, COTH 1 Hybrid Tomato, Rashmi, Vaishali, Rupali, Naveen, Avinash 2, MTH 4, Sadabahar, Gulmohar na Sonali.
Achọrọ okpomọkụ maka ịkụ tomato:
Sr. Ee e |
Internships | Okpomọkụ (0C) | ||
kacha nta | adabara | Oke | ||
1. | Mkpọpụta mkpụrụ | 11 | 16-29 | 34 |
2. | Seedling ibu | 18 | 21-24 | 32 |
3. | Nhazi mkpụrụ (ụbọchị) (abali) |
10 | 15-17 | 30 |
18 | 20-24 | 30 | ||
4. | Mmepe agba uhie | 10 | 20-24 | 30 |
Achọrọ ala ala maka ịkụ tomato:
Tomato na-eme nke ọma n'ọtụtụ ala ịnweta, mana ha na-ahọrọ n'ala ájá miri emi, nke na-asọpụta nke ọma. Ala oyi akwa kwesịrị ịbụ nke nwere obere ájá na ụrọ dị mma n'ime ala. Omimi ala 15 ruo 20cm na-egosi na ọ dị mma maka ihe ọkụkụ dị mma. Ịkụ osisi dị omimi nwere ike inye ohere ịbanye n'ime mgbọrọgwụ nke ọma na ụdị ụrọ dị arọ, nke na-enye ohere maka mmepụta n'ụdị ala ndị a.
Tomato bụ ihe ọkụkụ na-anabata nke ọma ruo oke pH. A na-ahọrọ pH nke 5.5-6.8. Agbanyeghị Tomato ihe ọkụkụ ga-eme nke ọma n'ime ala acid na-enwe oke nri na nnweta zuru oke. Tomato na-anabata nke ọma na acid ala nke pH nke 5.5. A na-ahọrọ ala ndị nwere ikike ijide mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị, ikuku, enweghị nnu na-ahọrọ maka ịkụ tomato.
Gụọ: Ngwá ọrụ ugbo na ngwa ọrụ ugbo.
Ala dị oke elu ihe ndi mmadu A naghị atụ aro ya n'ihi nnukwu mmiri ọdịnaya nke mgbasa ozi na ụkọ nri. Ma, dị ka mgbe niile, na mgbakwunye na nke organic okwu ka ịnweta ala ga-amụba mkpụrụ.
Nhọrọ nke mkpụrụ maka ịkụ tomato:
Mgbe emechara mkpụrụ, a na-atụfu mkpụrụ ndị ọrịa, ndị gbajiri agbaji. Mkpụrụ maka agha kwesịrị ịbụ free si inert okwu. Na-etolite n'oge, nwere obi ike, otu n'ụdị na nha, a na-ahọrọ mkpụrụ maka ịgha mkpụrụ. Ngwakọ mkpụrụ sitere na ọgbọ F1 bara uru maka ịgha mkpụrụ n'ihi na ọ na-enye mmalite na nnukwu mkpụrụ otu mkpụrụ osisi, na-eguzogide ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi ọjọọ.
Oge ịgha mkpụrụ maka ịkụ tomato:
- Tomato bụ osisi na-anọpụ iche n'ụbọchị, yabụ na-etolite n'oge ọ bụla.
- Na ugwu ugwu, a na-ewere ihe ọkụkụ atọ mana na mpaghara ntu oyi emetụtara rabi ihe ọkụkụ anaghị amị mkpụrụ. A na-atụgharị mkpụrụ osisi Kharif na Julaị, ihe ọkụkụ rabi n'October - Nọvemba na ihe ọkụkụ Zaid na ọnwa February.
- N'ebe ndịda na mbara ala ebe enweghị ihe ize ndụ nke ntu oyi, a na-eme transplanting mbụ na December-Jenụwarị, nke abụọ June-July nke atọ na September-October dabere na ogbugba mmiri n'ubi dị.
Mkpụrụ tomato na ịgha mkpụrụ:
A na-akọkarị tomato site n'ịkụnye osisi n'elu ugwu na furrows. N'oge transplanting, seedlings na-esi ike site n'ikpughe ihu igwe mepere emepe ma ọ bụ na-egbochi ya ogbugba mmiri n'ubi. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpụrụ nke 400 ruo 500g / ha chọrọ.
A na-eji Thiram agwọ mkpụrụ osisi 3g/kg nke mkpụrụ iji kpuchido ọrịa ndị a mụrụ site na mkpụrụ. Ngwọta mkpụrụ na B. naphthoxyacetic acid (BNOA) na 25 na 50 ppm, gibberellic acid (GA3) na 5-20 ppm na chlorophenoxy acetic na 10 na 20 ppm ka a hụrụ iji meziwanye uto na mkpụrụ tomato.
A na-akụ mkpụrụ na June July maka mgbụsị akwụkwọ oyi A na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi na maka oge opupu ihe ubi na Nọvemba. N'ugwu, a na-akụ mkpụrụ n'April. Oghere akwadoro maka ihe ọkụkụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ-oyi bụ 75 cm x 60 cm na maka oge opupu ihe ubi 75 cm x 45 cm.
Gụọ: Usoro ọrụ ugbo isi Snakehead.
Nri maka ịkụ tomato:
Tinye ogige ubi rere ure nke ọma nri/compost @ 20-25 t / ha n'oge nkwadebe ala ma gwakọta nke ọma na ala. Nri fatịlaịza nke 75:40:25 n'arọ N:P 2O5:K2Enwere ike inye o/hectare. Enwere ike itinye ọkara nke nitrogen, phosphorus zuru oke na ọkara potash dị ka basal tupu a na-atụgharị ya. Enwere ike itinye otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke nitrogen na ọkara nke potash 20-30 ụbọchị mgbe ịghachara. Enwere ike itinye ihe fọdụrụ n'ime ọnwa abụọ mgbe akuku gasịrị.
Transplanting nke tomato seedlings:
- A na-eme ntụgharị ahụ n'obere akwa dị larịị ma ọ bụ na furrow na-emighị emi dabere na enwere mmiri.
- N'ime ala dị arọ, a na-atụgharịkarị ya na ridges na n'oge mmiri ozuzo ọ dịkwa mma ịkụ mkpụrụ osisi n'elu ugwu.
- Maka ụdị dị iche iche / ngwakọ ndị na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, a ga-eji osisi bamboo dị mita abụọ n'ogologo ma ọ bụ kụọ ya na nnukwu mkpọda nke 90 cm obosara na 15 cm dị elu. A na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi ahụ na furrows na oghere nke 30 cm ma kwe ka osisi ahụ gbasaa n'elu ugwu sara mbara.
Oghere nke osisi tomato:
Oghere akwadoro maka ihe ọkụkụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ-oyi bụ 75 x 60 cm na maka oge opupu ihe ubi-ọkọchị 75 x 45 cm.
Nkwadebe na nlekọta nke tomato:
Nke kacha mma mkpụrụ osisi kwesịrị ịbụ 60cm n'obosara, 5-6cm ogologo na 20-25cm elu. Ekwesịrị iwepụ mkpuchi na ahịhịa n'ime mkpụrụ osisi. Tinye FYM siri ike na ájá dị mma n'elu akwa mkpụrụ. Weta ha n'ubi mara mma. Jiri Fytolon/Dithane M-45 jiri mmiri 2-2.5 g/lit mee ihe ndina ahụ. Debe ahịrị ndị ahụ site na 10 ruo 15cm iche n'ogologo nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ. Ghaa mkpụrụ ndị ahụ n'ahịrị n'ahịrị, pịa nwayọọ, kpuchie ya na ájá dị mma wee kpuchie akwa ahụ na ahịhịa. Jiri mmiri gbaa mmiri bilie nwere ike. Gbaa mkpụrụ osisi ahụ mmiri ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị ruo mgbe mkpụrụ osisi ga-epulite. Wepu ahihia ahihia mgbe mkpuru osisi gachara. Tinye ntakịrị Thimet na ogbo akwukwo 4-5. Fesa mkpụrụ osisi ahụ na Metasystox/Thiodan @ 2-2.5 ml/mmiri ọkụ na Dithane M-45 @ 2-2.5 g/mmiri.
Mgbochi ahịhịa maka ịkụ tomato:
- A na-achọ ọkụ ọkụ n'ime izu anọ mbụ n'ọhịa nke na-akwalite uto ma na-ewepụkwa ahịhịa n'ubi. A na-eji aka na-atọpụ ala dị n'elu ozugbo ọ kpọrọ nkụ nke ọma mgbe mmiri ma ọ bụ ịsa ahụ gasịrị. Ekwesịrị iwepụ ahịhịa niile na usoro a.
- Achọpụtala ahịhịa ahịhịa, polythene ojii na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ bara uru na nchekwa mmiri, n'ịchịkwa ahịhịa na ọrịa ụfọdụ.
Gụọ: Uru nke Biofloc Fish Farming.
Fatịlaịza eji na-akụ tomato:
Dị ka mmepụta na ịdị mma nke mkpụrụ osisi na-adabere na nri na-edozi ahụ na ntinye fatịlaịza ya mere a na-etinye fatịlaịza nguzozi dịka achọrọ. Nitrogen n'ogo zuru oke na-abawanye ogo mkpụrụ osisi, nha mkpụrụ osisi, agba, na uto. Ọ na-enye aka n'ịbawanye ụtọ acidic ekpomeekpo. A na-achọkwa potassium zuru oke maka uto, mkpụrụ, na ịdị mma. Enwere ike iji Mono Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) dị ka fatịlaịza mmalite iji nye phosphorus zuru oke n'oge germination na usoro mkpụrụ. Ịnweta Calcium dịkwa oke mkpa iji chịkwaa pH ala na nnweta nri. Ala aja ga-achọ oke fatịlaịza dị elu, yana ngwa ngwa karịa nke ndị a nri n'ihi ụba leaching nke mkpa nri. A na-efesa mkpụrụ osisi ahụ na ngwọta mmalite nke micronutrient. Tupu akuku nri ubi ugbo @ 50 ton kwa hectare kwesịrị itinye. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, ihe ọkụkụ tomato chọrọ nitrogen (N) kilogram 120, phosphorus 50kg (P2O5), na 50kg Potash (K2O). Ekwesịrị inye nitrogen n'ụdị nkewa. Ọkara nitrogen na P2O5 A na-enye ya n'oge a na-atụgharị ma na-enye nitrogen fọdụrụnụ mgbe ụbọchị 30 na ụbọchị 60 nke transplanting gasịrị.
Ekwesịrị iwere nyocha nke ala na anụ ahụ n'oge niile na-eto eto na oge mmepụta iji hụ na nri ndị dị mkpa dị na oke na oke ha. Nyocha anụ ahụ nke ihe ọkụkụ zuru oke ga-egosi ọnọdụ nri ndị a:
nitrogen | site | potassium | calcium | magnesium | Sulfur | |
% | 4.0-5.6 | 0.30-0.60 | 3.0-4.5 | 1.25-3.2 | 0.4-0.65 | 0.65-1.4 |
ppm | manganese | Iron | boron | ọla kọpa | zinc | |
30-400 | 30-300 | 20-60 | 5-15 | 30-90 |
N'ọnọdụ dị ugbu a, a chọpụtala na iji fatịlaịza inorganic kwesịrị ijikọ ya emere maka mmeghari ohuru na fatịlaịza organic na gburugburu ebe obibi, ihe fọdụrụ n'ihe ọkụkụ na nri ahịhịa ndụ.