#agriculture #greenhousefarming #vegetableproduction #Kazakhstan #agriculturaleconomics #energycosts #governmentsupport
Dabere na data ọhụrụ sitere na Energyprom.kz, mpaghara griin haus ejirila na Kazakhstan agbadala site na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ hectare 1,500 ruo naanị hectare 1,200, na-anọchite anya ọdịda 18.1%. Isi ihe na-enye aka na omume ọjọọ a bụ mbelata na mpaghara griin haus nke ndị ọrụ ugbo nwere, na-eme ka mbelata hectare 210.3 ma ọ bụ 24.7% na 2022. Ụlọ ọrụ griin haus nke ụlọ ọrụ ugbo nwekwara enwetela mbelata, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị obere, yana a. mbelata 43 hectare ma ọ bụ 16.4%.
N'ihi mpaghara griin haus na-ebelata, mkpokọta cucumbers na tomato toro na ala echekwara na 2022 ruru naanị tọn 182,400, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ na-erughị tọn 256,500 ewepụtara na 2021.
Mpaghara ndịda nke Kazakhstan, gụnyere Turkistan, Almaty, Zhambyl na Shymkent, na-akpata 76.3% nke mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ niile griin haus. Mpaghara ndị a nwere ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị mma, na-eme ka ọ dị ọnụ ala ịkọ ihe ubi n'ime ụlọ ndị mechiri emechi ma e jiri ya tụnyere oyi oyi siri ike na mpaghara ugwu na ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ugbo mpaghara Turkistan na-ebute ụzọ n'inye akwụkwọ nri griin haus n'ahịa Kazakhstan.
Agbanyeghị, oge oyi nke afọ 2022 nwere mmetụta jọgburu onwe ya na ugbo ndịda griin haus n'ihi oke oyi na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ griin haus nwere nnukwu mfu, ya na onye nnọchi anya Saken Kanibekov sitere na Association of Greenhouse and Horticultural Farmers nke mpaghara Turkistan na Shymkent na-akọ na 90% nke ugbo ndịda griin haus na-abịa ugbu a enweghị ego.
Otu n'ime nsogbu ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ n'ebe ndịda chere ihu n'oge oyi bụ ọnọdụ dị egwu na-enweta coal. Mgbe okpomọkụ dara na mwepu Celsius 30, ọtụtụ ụlọ griin ha enweghị mmanụ maka ikpo ọkụ. Ọbụna obere okpomọkụ ibelata ụbọchị ole na ole nwere ike ibibi ọrụ oge maka ihe ọkụkụ griin haus. N’ihi ya, ndị ọrụ ugbo aghaghị ịtụfu ọtụtụ tomato kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ.
Otú ọ dị, ụkọ mmanụ ọkụ na ọnụ ahịa dị elu bụ nanị otu ihe n'ime ogologo ndepụta ihe mgbochi na-egbochi mmepe nke azụmahịa griin haus na Kazakhstan. Kemgbe ihe karịrị afọ ise, ndị ọkachamara sitere na Association of Southern Greenhouse Farmers na-ezigara Ministri Ọrụ Ugbo, Prime Minister, na Onye isi ala akwụkwọ ozi, na-egosipụta ọnọdụ ọjọọ nke ngalaba ọrụ ugbo a. Nsogbu ụlọ ọrụ nke sistemu na-eme ka ọnụ ahịa akwụkwọ nri dị elu, na n'oge oge, ihe ndị a na-emepụta n'ụlọ enweghị ike ịsọ mpi n'ọnụ ahịa na cucumbers na tomato ebubata. Ọbụlagodi na-atụle ngwa ngwa na mmefu mbupụ ndị ọzọ, ndị na-ebubata ngwaahịa sitere na mba Central Eshia gbara agbata obi na-abanye n'ahịa Kazakhstan na ọnụ ala dị ala. Onye nnọchiteanya nke Association ahụ kwuru na ndị ọrụ ugbo Kazakhstani na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ enweghị asọmpi n'ihi nnukwu ọdịiche dị na tarifụ ọrụ.
Iji mee ka ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọchụnta ego Kazakhstani kwalite egwuregwu ahụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ogbo ha na mba ndị gbara agbata obi, ndị ọrụ ugbo anọwo na-arịọ gọọmentị ogologo oge ka ha webata ego enyemaka steeti kwa hectare maka ụlọ griin haus na nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka akụrụngwa ike. Dị ka onye minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ ugbo, Erbol Karashukeev si kwuo, gọọmentị dị njikere inye ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ahụ maka griin ha n'ụgwọ, mana ha ga-ebu ụzọ nweta asambodo nnabata na teknụzụ mmepụta.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, dị ka ekwere nkwa ileba anya n'okwu ndị ọrụ ugbo, ọnụ ahịa akwụkwọ nri griin haus na ụlọ ahịa Kazakhstan agafeela nke ukwuu ọnụ ahịa nri. Ọdịiche a na-apụta ìhè karịsịa mgbe a na-atụnyere ọnụ ahịa cucumbers na nkezi index maka ngwaahịa nri. N'ime oge kacha elu maka akwụkwọ nri griin haus, site na Disemba ruo March, ọnụahịa kwa kilogram cucumbers sitere na 957 ruo 1,244 tenge, mmụba nke 47.5% ruo 56.8%. N'ụzọ dị iche, nkezi ọnụahịa mmụba dị n'ime 25% ruo 26%.
Ọnụ ego tomato n'oge oge na-adịghị agafekwara 1,000 tenge kwa kilogram, ma e jiri ya tụnyere kukumba, ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ahịa tomato adịghị elu nke ukwuu, sitere na 20% ruo 32%.
Mbelata nke mpaghara griin haus na Kazakhstan na-ebute nnukwu ihe ịma aka maka ngalaba ọrụ ugbo nke mba ahụ, ọkachasị na-emetụta mmepụta akwụkwọ nri. Mbelata nke ebe a kụrụ akụ na mbelata na-esote nke mkpụrụ emewo ka ntụkwasị obi dịkwuo elu na akwụkwọ nri griin ha na-ebubata. Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eche ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi ihu, gụnyere ọnụ ahịa ike dị elu, ịdabere na ntinye mbubata, na nkwado gọọmentị ezughị oke. Usoro ngwa ngwa, dị ka enyemaka steeti na nkwụghachi ụgwọ akụrụngwa ike, dị mkpa iji mee ka ụlọ ọrụ griin ha dịghachite ma hụ na ọ ga-adigide.