Akinggbọ elu n'etiti ahịrị ahịhịa n'ime ahịhịa, Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, na-ada ifuru na mkpụrụ osisi chara acha, na-emetụta ihe ndị mepụtara ọhụrụ ma na-ebibi mbibi a na-enweghị atụ. N'adịghị ka Drosophilidae ndị ọzọ na-eme nke ọma na mkpụrụ osisi na-emebi ma na-emebi emebi, SWD nwere mmasị maka obere mkpụrụ osisi - bluuberi, strawberries na raspberries - na mkpụrụ okwute, dị ka cherị, na oghere abụọ na ụlọ griin hapụrụ. Otu ụmụ ahụhụ dị na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, SWD abanyewo gafee Europe, Amerika na, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Africa. Ọnwụ ego metụtara njikọ nke pesti a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa nwere ike iru nde kwuru nde kwa afọ - ihe karịrị US $ 500 nde na United States of America, naanị - dị ka otu nnyocha e bipụtara n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Insects.
IAEA, na mmekorita ya na Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), nwere nka na ihe ịga nke ọma n’akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmejuputa atule ahụhụ na-adịghị ọcha (SIT) iji gbochie ma ọ bụ kpochapụ ahụhụ ahụhụ, dị ka mkpụrụ osisi Mediterranean, ijiji screwworm, tsetse ijiji na nla nla di iche iche. N'iburu egwu SWD maka ịmị mkpụrụ na gburugburu ụwa, ọtụtụ mba gakwuuru FAO na IAEA iji chọpụta ikike nke Nọdụ iji belata SWD na sistemụ anaghị arụ ọrụ, dị ka ụlọ griinụ.
Gustavo Taret nke'slọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ Ahụike na Ọrụ Ugbo nke Argentina kwuru, sị, "Ruo ugbu a, enweghị usoro ọgwụgwọ na gburugburu ebe obibi nke mepụtara iji gbochie ahụhụ a," “Nọdụ ala ga-abụ naanị usoro njikwa njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi nke ga-enye ohere iji ya eme ihe na ahịhịa ndụ, belata ojiji nke ụmụ ahụhụ ma chebe ụmụ ahụhụ bara uru na njikwa nke ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ.”
Kedu ka esi ewepụta Nọdụ SIT?
Mbubata mbụ nke ógbè SWD si Italytali na 2015 na FAO / IAEA semụ ahụhụ Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL) na Seibersdorf, Austria. Kemgbe ahụ, ụlọ nyocha ahụ nyochaala usoro ihe omimi nke SWD, nke pụtara nsonaazụ nke irradiation na ntinye nke ike. Carlos Caceres, onye nyocha ihe banyere ihe banyere Joint FAO / IAEA nke Nuclear Techniques in Food na Ọrụ Ugbo.
Iji zụlite ọtụtụ mkpụrụ nke ijiji maka nyocha, ndị sayensị ewepụtala usoro ịkụda osisi na ndị okenye ji ngịga. N'ihe banyere SWD, egging, ma ọ bụ oviposition, sistemụ mepụtara nwere obere igbe plastik nwere oghere nke na-eme ka ụmụ nwanyị nwee akwa. “Oviposition usoro bụ panel nke mejupụtara ezigbo ihe mkpuchi net na wax. Ndị nwanyị na-adọrọ mmasị na otu agba nke ogwe osisi oviposition, ”ka Caceres kọwara. Femụ nwanyị na - eji oviposit - ma ọ bụ dinara akwa - site na mpempe akwụkwọ, mgbe ahụ, a na-achịkọta akwa ahụ na mpụta nke onu ahụ. ” Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ekpebiela na SWD nwere mmasị na ogwe ojii, nke na-ebuli ọnụ ọgụgụ akwa ndị a chịkọtara.
Ozugbo àkwá a na-adọba n'ime larvae, a na-enye ha nri na-agụnye karọt ntụ, shuga, yist na mmiri. N'ime ụbọchị ole na ole, larvae metamorphose na-aga na pupae. Ozugbo pupae tozuru oke, a na-achịkọta ha ma kpụpụ ha, na-eme ha ịmụ nwa. Mgbe irradiation gasịrị, a na-etinye pupae na njide ebe ndị okenye na-adịghị ọcha na-apụta. “A na-eji osisi aluminom ejiri ihe eji emepụta ihe dị mma. N'ime ụlọ ahụ bụ ọkọnọ shuga na yist, dị ka isi iyi nke ihe na-edozi ahụ, ya na ogbo mmiri sochiri maka ijiji 'hydration, "Caceres kwuru. Otu onu ji 50 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm.
Mgbe ọ nọsịrị ụbọchị atọ n'ime ngịga ndị ahụ, ijiji tozuru etozu tozuru etozu ma nwee ike ịtọhapụ ya na mpaghara ahụ ọ chọrọ ka ya na ụmụ nwanyị na-eme nri, na-enweghị nwa. Nke a ga - ebute ọdịda nke ọnụọgụ ọhịa na ọgbọ ọ bụla.
Ọnọdụ nke Nọdụ maka SWD
E guzobela usoro ogbako Mass maka SWD, na njikwa na ịtọhapụ usoro ogbugba ka okenye ijiji na-erute ahụike na asọmpi n'ọhịa ka a na-enyocha. Taret kwuru, "Achọrọ nrụpụta siri ike na nke zuru oke nke ụmụ ahụhụ na-adịghị ọcha iji mepụta nyocha na mpaghara ndị ejirila ma ọ bụ griin haus wee nwee ike ịhazigharị ọnụọgụ na ọnụọgụ abụọ. Ruo ugbu a, a na-etinye ọnwụnwa pilot, nke a na-emepụta 50 000 ruo 100 000 ijiji mkpụrụ kwa izu kwa izu na greenhouses na Argentina. A na-atụ anya na a ga-etinye ikpe ikpe ụgbọelu ọzọ na France afọ a.
Nsonaazụ sitere na nnwale ọnwụnwa ndị a ga-ekwe ka njikọta nke SIT chịkwaa SWD na mba ndị emetụtara. Caceres kwuru, sị, "Nkà na ụzụ bụ isi maka SIT maka ule pilot SWD dị, nke ga-achọ ka ahapụ ihe dị ka nde 2 ijiji kwa izu na mpaghara ndị ezubere iche, mana nnabata ya na nkenye ya dabere na ndị ọrụ nchebe osisi na ndị na-eme mkpebi ụlọ ọrụ mkpụrụ osisi," .
A na-atụ anya na a ga-emecha ngwugwu SIT maka SWD na 2023. "Enwere ike ijikọ SIT na usoro njikwa ndị ọzọ, na-ebelata ihe ọkụkụ, ihe nsure pesticide na nri na ihe egwu nye ndị ọrụ," Caceres kwuru.
Maka ozi ọzọ:
International Atomic Energy Agency
www.iaea.org
Mazzi D, Bravin E, Meraner M, Finger R, Kuske S. Economic Impact of Introduction and Establishment of Drosophila suzukii na Sweet Cherry Production na Switzerland. Mụ ahụhụ. Ọrịa. 2017; 8 (1): 18. Bipụtara 2017 Feb 8. doi: 10.3390 / ahụhụ8010018