Na Russia, mmepụta nke akwụkwọ nri griin haus n'ime ọnwa itoolu mụbara site na 6.8%.
Ụlọ ọrụ griin haus na Russia na-arụsi ọrụ ike kemgbe 2014, mgbe ọ bịara doo anya na mba ahụ ga-ebi n'okpuru nrụgide mmachi. Ebe mmalite bụ atụmatụ nnọchi anya mbubata mbubata maka ọtụtụ ihe, emebere maka atụmatụ afọ ise maka mmepe mpaghara ọrụ ugbo. Ihe oriri na-eto eto nke ala mechiri emechi abụghị ihe ọzọ. N'ime afọ asatọ gara aga, griin haus nke oge a apụtawo na mba ahụ, na counters ejupụtawo na cucumbers dị elu na gburugburu ebe obibi na tomato nke mmepụta ụlọ.
Ihe mkpali mmalite maka mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ griin haus bụ nkwado steeti dị ukwuu nke ndị Russia na-emepụta akwụkwọ nri ime ụlọ. Ụlọ griin ha apụtala n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mpaghara niile nke mba ahụ. Ndị kasị ukwuu na-etinye uche na mpaghara etiti, na Siberia na n'ebe ndịda nke mba ahụ. A na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ kachasị n'ime ụlọ site na mpaghara bụ nke ụlọ ọrụ St. Isi ụlọ ọrụ griin haus "ECO-Culture" nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ hectare 445, na-emechi n'elu atọ nke JSC "Agrokombinat "Yuzhny" na griin haus na mpaghara nke fọrọ nke nta 305 hectare. Taa, ihe oriri anụ ụlọ na-eto eto nke ala mechiri emechi na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto na-arụsi ọrụ ike, kwa afọ na-egosipụta ezigbo uto, na mmepụta griin ha na-abụkarị ntụziaka kachasị ewu ewu maka mmalite.
Uto na-aga n'ihu. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta nke akwụkwọ nri ala echekwara na Russia na-eto ngwa ngwa. Dị ka Ministry of Agriculture nke Russia si kwuo, 1.25 nde tọn amụbaworị na greenhouses n'etiti October 2022. Nke a bụ 6.8% karịa n'otu oge ahụ n'afọ gara aga. Greenhouse cucumbers ugbua e egbute 725.4 puku tọn (uto - 7.7%), tomato - 502.9 puku tọn (uto - 7.4%). Mpaghara na-eduga n'ihe gbasara owuwe ihe ubi griin haus bụ Lipetsk, Moscow, Volgograd, Kaluga, Belgorod Region, Krasnodar na Stavropol Territories, Republics nke Karachay-Cherkessia, Tatarstan na Bashkortostan.
Ha ghọrọ ndị ndú. Taa, mpaghara Lipetsk na-eduga n'ihe gbasara iwe ihe ubi griin haus. N'ihe dị ka n'etiti ọnwa Ọktoba, a na-egbute ihe karịrị tọn 123 puku tọn akwụkwọ nri griin haus na ihe ọkụkụ ndụ ndụ na mpaghara ahụ. Uto karịrị 17%.
"Owuwe ihe ubi nke cucumbers dị ugbu a na mpaghara ahụ eruola tọn puku tọn 61.6, 59.9 puku tọn 60.6 puku tọn ka ewepụtara n'afọ gara aga," ka onye isi mpaghara Lipetsk Igor Artamonov na-akọ. - Tomato na-egbute banyere 44.4 puku tọn, nke bụ nke atọ karịa afọ gara aga (3.8 puku tọn). Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a chịkọtala iberibe letus dị nde 650 (ton XNUMX), bụ́ nke ka malitere ito n’ógbè ahụ.”
N'ebe nke abụọ bụ greenhouses dị nso na Moscow. Dị ka mpaghara Ministry of Agriculture si kwuo, a na-egbute 66 puku tọn akwụkwọ nri na mpaghara Moscow na Jenụwarị - June 2022 - nke a bụ 10% karịa na 2021 n'otu ụbọchị ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị 2022, a na-eme atụmatụ iwe ihe ubi 122 puku tọn akwụkwọ nri.
Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ nke onye isi na Gọọmenti Karachay-Cherkessia si kwuo, na 2022 a na-eme atụmatụ ịbawanye mkpụrụ nke akwụkwọ nri nke ala echedoro site na nkeji iri na ise - nke a fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 50 puku tọn akwụkwọ nri. N'iji ya tụnyere 2021, uto ga-abụ 26%.
N'ime afọ ise gara aga, mmepụta nke akwụkwọ nri ala echedoro na mpaghara Kaluga amụbaala okpukpu anọ. N'afọ gara aga, e nwetara puku tọn 67.6 nke akwụkwọ nri ebe a, n'afọ a a na-eme atụmatụ ịbawanye mmepụta ha na puku tọn 72. Mpaghara Stavropol nwetara ihe karịrị 80 puku tọn akwụkwọ nri (9% karịa nke afọ gara aga): ihe karịrị puku tọn 17 cucumbers, 64 puku tọn tomato na tọn 284 nke akwụkwọ nri ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ihe ọkụkụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.
Krasnodar Krai bụkwa otu n'ime mpaghara iri kacha elu nke Russia na-akụ akwụkwọ nri na ala mechiri emechi. "Kemgbe mmalite nke afọ, ndị ọrụ ugbo anyị amụbawo 53 puku tọn ngwaahịa, nke bụ 4.5% karịa n'otu oge ahụ n'afọ gara aga," ka gọvanọ Krasnodar Territory Veniamin Kondratiev na-ekwu. - Kuban ka bụ otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta akwụkwọ nri griin haus na Russia. Taa, nnukwu ụlọ griin haus 11 nwere mkpokọta ihe dị ka hectare 240 na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara ahụ.”
Ozizi a mezuru site na 90%. Na 2022, Russia nwere ike nweta ihe ngosi nke nkuzi nchekwa nri maka inine na melons.
Dmitry Patrushev, Minister nke Agriculture nke Russian Federation, kọrọ banyere mmejuputa atumatu nke Food Safety Doctrine na oge awa gọọmentị na Federation Council. “A na-atụ anya ihe dị ka nde tọn nde 5 nke akwụkwọ nri ghere oghe, na ihe dị ka nde tọn 1.6 ka a ga-emepụta na ụlọ greenhouses. Mpịakọta mmepụta dị otú ahụ ga-egbo mkpa ụlọ n'ụzọ zuru ezu ma mepụta ngwa ahịa mbupụ," onye isi ngalaba ahụ kwusiri ike.
"Kwa afọ, ndị na-akụ nri anụ ụlọ na-abawanye oke mmepụta," ka Oksana Lut, onye osote onye isi ala mbụ nke Agriculture nke Russian Federation kwuru na ihe ngosi mba ụwa Global Fresh Market: Akwụkwọ nri & Mkpụrụ osisi. - N'afọ a, anyị na-ebu amụma na owuwe ihe ubi nke akwukwo nri orchards na ugbo niile edemede ga-abụ banyere 16 nde tọn (na 2021 - banyere 15 nde tọn). Nsonaazụ dị otú ahụ nwere ike ime ka o kwe omume iru ọnụ ahịa nnabata nke nkuzi nchekwa nri na ọkwa 90%. Ngalaba na-eto eto griin haus ugbu a na-egosi mgbanwe kachasị ukwuu - a na-atụ anya na n'afọ a mmepụta ihe na ala mechiri emechi ga-emelite ndekọ ahụ wee ruo 1.6 nde tọn. Uto nke owuwe ihe ubi na-enye aka na mbenata mpịakọta mbubata, mmepe nke ọrụ mbupụ na ịhụ na ọnọdụ ọnụahịa kwụsiri ike. N'afọ a, a na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ire ere maka ngwaahịa nri dị iche iche: poteto, kabeeji, karọt, eyịm, beets tebụl, cucumbers na tomato. Na Ministry of Agriculture nke Russia ga-anọgide na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na-akpali ọrụ itinye ego na ịmepụta ọnọdụ ndị dị mkpa iji chebe ahịa ụlọ. "
Iji nọgide na-enwe elu nke enwetara, Ministri na-aga n'ihu na-akwado mmepụta ọbụna n'ọnọdụ ndị ahụ ebe e nwetara ụkpụrụ dị mkpa nke ozizi ahụ. Maka ebumnuche a, e mepụtara ikpo okwu nkwado steeti siri ike, na-emetụta usoro mmepụta ihe niile.
Usoro nkwado steeti dị iche iche bụ maka mmepe nke itolite inine n'ime ụlọ. A na-enye ego mgbazinye ego na enyemaka mkpali maka ụlọ ọrụ. Na mgbakwunye, kemgbe 2022, usoro maka ịkwụ ụgwọ akụkụ nke ụgwọ maka owuwu ụlọ ọrụ griin haus na mpaghara nke Far East anọwo na-arụ ọrụ.
Isiokwu nke nchekwa nri nke Russia na ụwa ghọrọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ isi na ihe ngosi ikpeazụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ugbo Russia "Golden Autumn" -2022.
Onye isi ala Russia Mikhail Mishustin kwuru na n'afọ a Russia ga-enweta ihe ngosi nke nkuzi nchekwa nri maka ọka, beets, shuga na ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ. Onye isi gọọmentị kwuru, "O doro anya na anyị ga-enwe oke mkpụrụ ọka." - Enwere nnukwu ihe a rụzuru na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere mmanụ mmanụ. Anyị na-ahụkwa ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịmepụta mkpụrụ osisi, nke dị oké ọnụ ma sie ike itolite na ihu igwe anyị. Ma, anyị na-atụ anya ndekọ - n'elu 1.5 nde tọn mkpụrụ osisi na tomato. Ntinye aka siri ike na nke a bụ usoro nkwado steeti maka ugbo griin haus."
Maka ebumnuche nchekwa. Dịka akụkụ nke mmezigharị na iwu gọọmentị etiti "Na njikwa nchekwa nke pesticides na Agrochemicals" na 2020, n'ihe gbasara imeziwanye njikwa steeti (nleba anya), ndokwa na Federal State Information System for Traceability of Pesticides and Agrochemicals (FGIS) bụ. ewebata na Nkeji edemede 15, nke e mere iji hụ na a na-agụta batches nke pesticides na agrochemicals maka mgbe a na-edozi ha (bubata na mpaghara nke Russian Federation, mmepụta (arụpụtara), nchekwa, njem (ebuga), ngwa, ire ere, neutralization. , mkpofu, mbibi na ili), nakwa maka nyocha, nhazi nke ozi enyere na ya na nyochaa ntụkwasị obi ha.
Onye ọrụ na-echekwa ozi dị na FGIS. Ozi a bụ nke gọọmentị, a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka akụ ozi steeti. Iji rụọ ọrụ na FGIS Saturn ruo Septemba 1, 2022, ụlọ ọrụ niile, gụnyere griin haus na-eji pesticides na agrochemicals, ga-edebanye aha na FGIS Saturn site na sistemụ Cerberus. Rosselkhoznadzor na-arụ ọrụ njikwa na nlekọta maka njikwa nchekwa nke pesticides na agrochemicals. A na-ebipụta ntuziaka na webụsaịtị nke Rosselkhoznadzor mpaghara nchịkwa na ọnụ ụzọ ọrụ isi. N'okpuru bụ nọmba ekwentị nke ndị isi nnabata nke nchịkwa mpaghara. Ụlọ ọrụ Greenhouse, iji nweta nbanye na paswọọdụ, kpọtụrụ ụlọ ọrụ nchịkwa mpaghara ha ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ n'oge ndebanye aha. A na-achọpụtakwa ngalaba na-ahụ maka ala ma ọ bụ nlekọta ahụike na mpaghara ọ bụla.
Ihe na ọdịnihu teknụzụ. Na June agricultural forum "Greenhouse Industry of Russia" -2022 na Moscow, a na-elebara anya nke ukwuu na ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ dị ugbu a n'ozuzu ya, karịsịa mmepe nke isi ihe na nkà na ụzụ. "Russian akwukwo nri na-eto eto nke mechiri emechi: ọnọdụ nke ụlọ ọrụ, atụmanya mmepe, nkwado steeti na ọnọdụ dị ugbu a" - Arkady Muravyov, osote onye isi oche nke Association "Greenhouse nke Russia", mere akụkọ dị otú ahụ na forum. "Ogbo nke na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-ewu ụlọ griin haus, nke malitere na 2014, na-aga n'ihu na Russia taa," ka o kwuru n'okwu ya. - Kemgbe ahụ, e wuru ihe karịrị 1.5 puku hectare na mmepụta ihe oriri na-amụba okpukpu anọ - ruo nde tọn 1.6. Taa, nnukwu griin haus na-eme atụmatụ itinye n'ọrụ dị oké njọ ebe nke ọhụrụ elu ogige na njedebe nke 2022. APH "Eco-culture" - ihe karịrị 200 hectare, GC "Uto" - karịa 70 hectare. Ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ nwere mpaghara karịrị hectare 80 nọ na nhazi nhazi. Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ dị ugbu a na akụ na ụba nwekwara mmetụta ọjọọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a kwụsịrị ịrụ ụlọ ahịa Ryazan Roses nke nwere ebe hectare 6.4. Arkady Muravov kwuru usoro na ntụzịaka dị elu nke na-amalite iweta ezigbo ego na ụlọ ọrụ griin haus taa. Otu n'ime ha bụ mmeghe nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ horticultural, ebe a na-akụ ifuru na akwụkwọ nri ma na-ere ya ozugbo. Onye isi otu ahụ chetakwara mmezu nke ọma nke ụlọ ọrụ Rọshịa mere atụmatụ nnọchi mbubata maka imepụta akụrụngwa dị mkpa maka ụlọ griin haus. "N'ihe gbasara ike ọkụ, ndị na-emepụta Russia, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-enwe ike ịnye ọtụtụ ngwọta dị irè, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-akpaghị aka ma ọ bụ na-ekpo ọkụ-mmiri ụzọ atọ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ," Arkady Muravyov ji n'aka.
Atụmanya ogologo oge. Taa, Russia nọ n'ọkwa nke abụọ n'ụwa n'ihe gbasara oriri kukumba (nde 1.7) na nke asatọ n'ihe gbasara oriri tomato (nde 3.5 nde). Onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka Agroanalytics Dmitry Aveltsov kọwara na ihe mgbagwoju anya taa bụ na mba anyị nọ naanị na 20 kacha elu na 30 n'ụwa n'ihe gbasara oriri nke akwụkwọ nri ndị a kwa onye ọ bụla. N'otu oge ahụ, mmepụta nke onwe na Russia ezughị. N'afọ gara aga, Russia butere 460.2 na 55.2 puku tọn cucumbers. Otú ọ dị, nkwubi okwu ndị a na-emegide Russia emeela ka enweghi ike imelite / ịgbasa ụfọdụ ikike nkà na ụzụ na ihe ize ndụ nke igbochi mbubata mkpụrụ, akụrụngwa na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa.
"Taa, gọọmentị nke mba na ngalaba ndị dị mkpa na-elebara anya na mmepe nke ịzụ ahịa ahịa na ngwaahịa ugbo na mba ndị dị ka Uzbekistan, Iran, Azerbaijan," Dmitry Aveltsov gara n'ihu. - A tụlere ọnọdụ ọnụahịa dị n'ahịa ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ, nsogbu nke ihe ize ndụ maka ndị na-emepụta ihe oriri na-ejikọta ya na mmachi na nkwụsị nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ nhazi na ahịa ahụ dị iche iche.
Dị ka data anyị si kwuo, na Russia taa, e nwere ọrụ ntinye ego 72 na-arụ ọrụ na ntụziaka nke mmepụta akwụkwọ nri nke ala mechiri emechi, nke mmejuputa ya na-ekpuchi oge 2021-2028. A na-emejuputa 62% nke oru ngo, ndị ọzọ na-eme atụmatụ maka mmejuputa n'ọdịnihu dị nso. Ngụkọta ego nke ọrụ ntinye ego maka 2022-2024 ga-abụ ijeri rubles 45,2, gụnyere ijeri 1,7 ka a ga-ekenye maka nkwalite ọrụ ndị dị ugbu a. "
N'ikwu okwu banyere amụma maka oke mmepụta griin haus, Mikhail Semykin, onye nduzi nke ntụziaka griin haus nke AGRRISOVGAZ LLC, mere amụma na-adọrọ mmasị. Dị ka ya si kwuo, afọ ojuju onwe onye na ngwaahịa ihe oriri ga-eto ruo 72% na 2022. Otú ọ dị, iji dochie kpamkpam mbubata, ọ dị mkpa iji wuo ọbụna ụlọ ndị ọzọ griin haus, na nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa maka mmepụta nke okooko osisi, tomato. strawberries na hops.
Ọzọkwa, e welitere ọtụtụ ajụjụ site na ihe ọhụrụ dị ka ịkagbu mmemme nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka akụkụ nke ụgwọ a na-akwụ kpọmkwem, mbelata nke ngwaahịa na mmụba nke oge nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke ọrụ, mmụba nke ọnụahịa maka ihe, akụrụngwa na lọjistik nke ihe owuwu ọhụrụ site na 50-100%, yana mmụba nke ụgwọ ọrụ ụgwọ ọrụ yana mmụba nke ịdabere na ike nke ụlọ ọrụ, wdg Iji dozie nsogbu ndị a, ọ dị mkpa iji belata ọkwa nke itinye aka na ya. mmemme ego oru ngo na 7-10% nke ụgwọ ọrụ, si otú a na-ebelata ọnụ ụzọ maka ịbanye na ụlọ ọrụ maka ndị na-etinye ego. Ọ dịkwa mkpa ịgbasa mmemme nkwado steeti na mpaghara floriculture, hop na-eto eto, na-eto eto beri na usoro nkwado maka ndị na-emepụta akụrụngwa na akụrụngwa ụlọ. Ọ ga-adịkwa mma ịgụnye ihe ndị nwere mpaghara 0.7 ruo 3 hectare nwere ike iji mee ihe na mmemme.
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